crop-lien system		rebuilding the former Confederates states and reuniting the nation
sharecropping		full pardon to all southerners-except high-ranking Confederate leaders and a few others- who would swear allegiance to the U.S. Constitution and accept federal laws ending slavery
Redeemers		Amendment that required states to extend equal citizenship to African Americans and all people "born or naturalized in the United States." It also denied states the right to deprive anyone of "life, liberty, or property without due process of law." It also promised all citizens the "equal protection of the laws."
Freedmen's Bureau		laws that enforced segregation
Civil Rights Act of 1875		a system where farmers promised to sell their crops to local merchants who sold them goods on credit
scalawags		legislation designed to stop violence against African Americans
Panic of 1873		bureau created by Congress to aid the millions of southerners left homeless and hungry by the war. This bureau played a major role in providing education for African Americans, who had been denied this opportunity under slavery
Fifteenth Amendment		bill that prohibited businesses that serve the public - such as hotels and transportation facilities -from discriminating agains African Americans
Reconstruction		nickname, given by southerners, to northern Republicans eager to participate in state conventions
amnesty		codes that closely resembeled pre-Civil War slave codes
Enforcement Acts		severe economic depression that hit in 1873
Jim Crow Laws		another name for scoundrel
poll taxes		court ruling that said, "seperate but equal" facilities did not violate the 14th Amendment
Compromise of 1877		In return for the Democrats' acceptance of Hayes as president, the Republicans agreed to withdraw the remaining federal troops form the South
carpetbaggers		seperation of the races
literacy tests		name for supporters of white-controlled governments
Reconstruction Acts		Acts that divided the former Confederacy - with the exception of already-reconstructed Tennessee - into five military districts. Union army troops were stationed in each district to enforce order.
Black Codes		secret terrorist groups formed by angry white southerners to prevent African Americans from voting
Thirteenth Amendment		tests that barred those who could not read from voting
Fourteenth Amendment		system where farmers worked a parcel of land in return for a share of the crop, a cabin, seed, tools, and a mule
Plessy Vs. Ferguson		Amendment that stated, "The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude."
segregation		amendment that abolished slavery
Civil Rights Act of 1866		fixed taxes imposed on every voter
Ku Klux Klan		The first civil rights law in the nation's history. This law declared that everyone born in the U.S. was a citizen with full civil rights. This law did not guarantee voting rights.