| contraband | | theory that states have the right to declare a federal law invalid |
| mudslinging | | a group of advisers to the president |
| impressment | | withdrawal from the union |
| benevolent society | | an act of rebellion against the established government |
| war hawk | | to formally charge a public official with misconduct in office |
| underground railroad | | form of government in which power resides in a body of citizens entitled to vote |
| cotton gin | | a hit and run technique used in fighting a war |
| caucus | | a meeting in which members of a political party choose their's partys candidates for president or decide policy |
| enumerated powers | | tax on imports for the purpose of raising money |
| nonimportation agreement | | a prefernce for native born people and a desire to limit immigration |
| strike | | members of congress during madisons presidency who pressed for war with britian |
| manumission | | a goverment ban on trade with other countries |
| guerrilla warfare | | to leave of withdraw |
| corrupt bargain | | an illegitimate agreement between politicians |
| checks and balances | | american colonist who supported the war for independence |
| nativism | | a pledge by merchants not to buy imported goods from a partuclar source |
| speculator | | committee organized in each colony to communicate with and unify the colonies |
| excise tax | | a kind of legalized kidnapping in which people are forced into military service |
| letter of marque | | a change to the constitution |
| secede | | an association focusing on spreading the word of god and combating social problems |
| republic | | government subject to the will of the people |
| bond | | power of the chief executive to reject laws passed by the legislature |
| most favored nation | | tax on imports designed to protect american manufactures |
| referendum | | theory that a state should be able to intervene between the federal government and the people to stop an illegal action |
| spoils system | | a machine that removed seeds from cotton fiber |
| martial law | | a note issued by the government which promises to pay off a loan with interest |
| impeach | | the loss of value of money |
| minuteman | | men who enjoyed the support of leaders from their own state and region |
| insurrection | | goods whose importation exportation or possesions is illegal |
| popular sovereignty | | a search warrant enabling customs officers to enter any location to look for evidence of smuggling |
| yeoman farmer | | an economic slowdown |
| federalism | | a person living in a country who is not a citizen of that country |
| patriot | | a railway system extending across the continent |
| writs of assistance | | the voluntary freeing enslaved persons |
| amendent | | a policy between countires ensuring fair trading practices |
| interposition | | the system i n which each branch of government has the ability to limit the power of the other branches to prevent any from becoming too powerful |
| transcontinantal railroad | | licenses issued by congress to private ship owners authorizing them to attack british merchant ships |
| embargo | | powers listed in the constitution as belonging to the federal government |
| transcendentalism | | american colonists who supported britian and opposed the war for independance |
| confederacy | | uniform pieces that can be made in large quantities to replace other indetical pieces |
| ratification | | powers not specifically listed in the constitution but claimed by the federal government |
| recession | | person who risks money in hopes of a financial profit |
| customs duty | | formal approval |
| judicial review | | owner of a small farm with four or fewer enslaved persons, usually none |
| loyalist | | an organization of workers formed for the purpose of advancing its members interests |
| protective tariff | | work stoppage by workers to force an employer to meet demands |
| interchangeable parts | | a tax on imports and exports |
| alien | | government principle where power is divided among different branches |
| veto | | nation declared to have been formed by the southern staes that seceded from the union in 1860-1861 |
| cabinet | | a system that helped enslaved african americans follow a network of escape routes out of south to freedom in the north |
| labor union | | attempt to ruin an opponets reputation with insults |
| inflation | | political system in which power is divided between the national and state governments |
| implied powers | | companies of civilian soldiers who boasted they were ready to fight on a minutes notice |
| nullification | | the practice of letting voters accept or reject measures proposed by the legislature. |
| favorite son | | a philosophy stressing the relationship between human beings and nature , spiritual things over material things, and the importance of the individual conscience |
| separation of powers | | practice of handing out government jobs to supporters |
| secession | | power of the supreme court to determine whether laws of congress are constitutional and to strike down those that are not |
| revenue tariff | | a tax paid by the manufacturer of a product and passed on to those who buy the product |
| committee of correspondence | | the law administered by military forces that is involved by a goverment in an emergency |
