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Across 4. A more acceptable and usually more pleasant way of saying something that might be inappropriate or uncomfortable. 5. Placing two elements side-by-side to present a comparison or contrast. 7. Slang in writing, used often to create local color and to provide an informal tone. 11. A work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule. 13. An appeal based on logic or reason. 17. A direct or indirect reference to something that is assumed to be commonly known. 20. Presenting two alternatives that are not necessarily mutually exclusive as if they were, often ignoring other alternatives. An ultimatum. (2 Words) 21. From the Greek words for "reckoning together," a form of deductive argument which presents two premises, major and minor, followed by a conclusion. (Major: All men are mortal. Minor: Socrates is a man. Conclusion: Socrates is mortal.) 26. The word, phrase, or clause that a pronoun refers to. 27. A device in literature where the connection between an object and an idea is developed or recurring throughout a literary work. (2 Words) 30. Figure of speech in which a speaker answers his own otherwise-rhetorical question. 31. A reasoning from general ideas and principals to particular, detailed facts. (2 Words) 36. The repetition of vowel sounds in successive words. 38. The telling of a story or an account of an event or series of events. 39. Predicts the most likely, common, or troubling objections to ones argument, then offers strong answers to those objections. 40. A device used to produce figurative language. (3 Words) 42. Deliberate exaggeration or overstatement. 43. The exact or approximate duplication of any element of language, such as word, phrase, sentence, or structure. 44. From the Latin meaning "to or against the person," an argument that appeals to emotion rather than reason, to feeling rather than intellect. (3 Words) 46. A figure of speech in which an affirmation is made by indirectly by denying its opposite, such as "It was no mean feat," or "He was not adverse to it." 47. An appeal based on emotion. 48. Use of many conjunctions in close succession, with or without commas ("A and B and C and D" or "A, and B, and C, and D" rather than "A,B,C, and D"). 50. The feelings or emotions associated with a word, beyond its literal meaning. 55. All the devices of composition available to a writer, such as diction, syntax, sentence structure, and figures of speech. (3 Words) 56. Similarity in structure and syntax in a series or related words, phrases, clauses, sentences, or paragraphs that develops balance. 57. The act of attributing human characteristics to abstract ideas or inanimate objects. 58. The literal or dictionary meaning of a word.

Down 1. A limited positive; a positive that is used or described in such a way that it is partially negative or could be negative under certain circumstances. (2 Words) 2. The multiple meanings, intentional or unintentional, of a word, phrase, sentence, or passage; or the sense of uncertainty that the works presents. 3. A mistake in verbal reasoning that may seem to be sound. (2 Words) 6. The literary genre that is written in ordinary language and most closely resembles everyday speech; any writing that is not poetry. 8. Reasoning from detailed facts to general principles. (2 Words) 9. A comparison of two unlike things, not necessarily using "like" or "as". 10. Repetition of a consonant sound within two or more words in close proximity. 12. The author's choice of words in creating tone, attitude, and style, as well as meaning. 14. A story or brief episode told by the writer or a character to illustrate a point. 15. Drawing a comparison to another situation that applies to the original circumstance in order to show a similarity in some respect. 16. A limited negative; a negative that is used or described in such a way that it is partially positive or could be positive under certain circumstances. (2 Words) 18. A sentence or group of sentences that directly opposes or states the complete opposite of a given opinion; a figure of speech involving a seeming contradiction of ideas, words, clauses, or sentences within balanced grammatical structure. 19. Anything that represents something else. Usually an object, action, character, or event that implies an abstract idea. 21. A logical fallacy that claims a series of intensifying consequences will inevitably follow a seemingly safe incident. (2 Words) 22. The grammatical structure of prose and poetry. 23. A question which does not need or expect an answer. (2 Words) 24. A type of irony in which facts or events are unknown to a character in a play or a piece of fiction but known to the reader, audience, or other characters in the work. (2 Words) 25. The techniques and rules for using language effectively, eloquently, and persuasively. 27. An appeal based on the character, reputation, or credibility of the speaker. 28. A logical fallacy in which the asserted conclusion is based on a prior question that is only presumed settled. (3 Words) 29. The style of narration: first person, second person, third person limited, third person omniscient. (3 Words) 32. The absence of conjunctions when separating a series of words or clauses (A, B, C rather than A, B, and C). 33. A phrase that is repeated throughout a work. 34. A general term encompassing all the devices that create style, reveal purpose, and establish structure. (2 Words) 35. A work that functions on a symbolic level, a type of extended symbolism. 37. The repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words. 41. The opposite of exaggeration. It is a technique for developing irony and/or humor where one writes or says less than intended. 45. Descriptive language that appeals to the senses. 49. Repetition of a word, phrase, or clause at the beginning of two or more sentences in a row. 51. A type of metaphor in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it. 52. The emotional context or atmosphere that a writer creates for the reader. Also called atmosphere. 53. A statement that appears to be self-contradictory or opposed to common sense but upon closer inspection contains some degree of truth or validity. 54. The sentence or group of sentences that directly expresses the author's opinion, purpose, meaning, or proposition.