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Across 4. Pope during Henry IV's rule, one of the great leaders of the medieval chruch 9. Led monks into England, aided bringing christianity to England 10. practice of buying high positions within the church's hierarchy 13. in 1198 to 1216, one of the strongest medieval popes, strengthened the chruch and its worldly power 15. social and political system thattook its name from the manors of the Middle ages. 17. advisors to the pope, held in supreme authority 18. code of conduct known to bring major changes into a feudal society 20. Political organization in which small, local, independent leaders take over 21. Land given by a Lord to another person 23. name given to peasants in Europe 25. church's own code of laws 26. person who was granted land from a Lord 28. took over the German thrown at 5, began ruling at age 15. 29. William I of England 31. search for heretics 34. Monk who created teh rules to govern monks lives 35. Nomads from the East who settled in what is now Hungary, terrorized Europe 36. Pepin's son and the greatest of all Frankish kings 37. English ruler who ruled from 1154 to 1189, increased royal authority in England 38. Most feared invaders in Europe, were from Scandinavia in the North

Down 1. Frederick I, also known as Frederick of the red beard 2. Became the frankish king in 481. 3. Charlemagne's only remaining son after his death. A weak and shortsighted ruler. 5. people who deny the church's principals or preach against the church 6. Credited with bringin Christianity to Ireland in 432 7. latin for "great charter", outlined the rights of England's ordinary people 8. advisors to the pope, "princes of the church" 11. elected king of Germany in 936, became known as Otto the great 12. law based upon customs and judges' decisions; rather than written codes 14. Known as Charles the hammer, Pepin II's son 16. Took the throne of Wessex, determined to drive the danes from England 18. new line of Frankish rulers, after Pepin II was anointed king 19. inheritance system from father to oldest son 22. Ruled Germany from 1046 to 1056, represented the height of imperial power 24. ceremonies at which the participants recieve God's direct favor or grace 27. Name taken by Clovis and his successors 30. time period known as the medieval period of European Development 32. court order against a region, closing all of the churches 33. also known as the Middle Ages