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Across 6. diffusion of solvent through a membrane 7. cell that stores lipid 8. has anticodon and carries amino acid 12. signaling chemicals that bind specifically to plasma membrane receptors 15. intermediate products of food fuels are broken down to CO2 and H2O generating ATP 17. whiplike, motile cellular extensions that move substances across cells 18. large or solid material is engulfed; limited to certain cells 19. type of transport against the gradient that uses ATP; uses carrier proteins 21. type of membrane protein that is firmly inserted into the phospholipid layers 23. neurotransmitter that stimulates skeletal muscle to contract; inhibits cardiac muscle 27. core of actin; increase surface area; found in intestinal cells and parts of kidney tubules 28. communicating junction between cells; found in cardiac and smooth muscle 29. type of diffusion for glucose, amino acids, and ions; no ATP used 30. intracellular chemical signal called second messengers, activate a series of enzymes 32. modifies proteins; directs them to secretory vesicles, change of plasma membrane, lysosomes 34. transfer of information from mRNA to amino acid sequence of protein 36. outer membrane of cell 40. muscle cell 41. transmembrane proteins; selective due to size and charge; some are gated 42. type of permeability that allows some substances to pass but not others 43. transmits action potentials to nerve cells or effectors 44. two subunits; synthesize proteins 45. solutions with the same concentration of nonpenetrating solutes as those found in cells

Down 1. equals membrane potential; results from separation of oppositely charged particles 2. division of the nucleus 3. cell that fights disease 4. segment of DNA specifying a polypeptide chain or structure of RNA 5. continuous with nuclear membrane; smooth and rough varieties 9. transfer of information from DNA mRNA 10. hollow tubes; determine cell shape; intracellular organelles move along 11. cellular material between plasma membrane and nucleus 13. within nucleus; site of ribosomal subunit assembly 14. glycoproteins; interact with extracellular space and other cells 16. transport for large particles, macromolecules, and fluids; exocytosis and endocytosis 20. tendency of molecules or ions to scatter evenly due to kinetic energy 22. water-loving; polar head of phospholipid 24. division of the cytoplasm 25. total concentration of all solute particles in a solution 26. glycogen, lipid, pigment, water vacuoles, and crystals are examples; not always present 31. water specific transmembrane proteins 33. shrinkage of cell placed in a hypertonic solution 35. contain enzymes that digest bacteria, viruses, toxins, worn out organelles, glycogen, bone 37. Na+-K+ ATPase is this type of pump 38. only human example is for sperm; propulsive tail 39. contains DNA; most cells have one, some have many, circulating RBC has none