Repatriation		Employees who work outside their home countries.
Local responsiveness (LR)		Organizations that own or control production or service facilities in one or more countries other than the home country.
Assignees		Tool used to gather individual assessments of various characteristics of risk (for example, frequency of occurrence; degree of impact, loss, or gain for the organization; degree of efficacy of current controls).
Redeployment		Status of growing interconnectedness and interdependency among countries, people, markets, and organizations worldwide.
Process alignment		Process by which employees returning from international assignments reintegrate into their home country’s culture, conditions, and employment.
Onshoring		Uncertainty that has an effect on an objective, where outcomes may include opportunities, losses, and threats.
Identity alignment		Protocol that an organization implements when an identified risk event occurs.
Offshoring		Situation in which a person or organization may benefit from undue influence due to involvement in outside activities, relationships, or investments that conflict with or have an impact on the employment relationship or its outcomes.
Globalization		Organization’s desired gain or acceptable loss in value.
Global integration (GI)		Expected monetary loss for an asset due to a risk over a one-year period; calculated by multiplying single loss expectancy by annualized rate of occurrence.
Multinational enterprises (MNEs)		Metrics that provide an early signal of increasing risk exposures for an enterprise.
Outsourcing		System of rules and processes set up by an organization to ensure its compliance with local and international laws, accounting rules, ethical norms, internal codes of conduct, and other standards.
Near-shoring		Globalization strategy that emphasizes adapting to the needs of local markets and allows subsidiaries to develop unique products, structures, and systems.
Sustainability		Practice of purchasing and using resources wisely by balancing economic, social, and environmental concerns, with the goal of securing the interests of present and future generations.
Corporate social responsibility (CSR)		State of being in accordance with all national, federal, regional, and/or local laws, regulations, and/or other government authority requirements applicable to the places in which an organization operates.
Compliance		Extent to which diversity is embraced in management of people, products/services, and branding.
Triple bottom line		Process by which an organization contracts with third-party vendors to provide selected services/activities instead of hiring new employees.
Sustainability		Extent to which underlying operations such as IT, finance, or HR integrate across locations.
Governance		Reporting of an organization’s violations of policies and processes by employees.
Ethics		System for identifying, evaluating, and controlling actual and potential risks to an organization.
Residual risk		Amount of uncertainty that remains after all risk management efforts have been exhausted.
Risk management		Relocation of business processes or production to a lower-cost location inside the same country as the business.
Moral hazard		Principle that organizations should take all steps that are reasonably possible to ensure the health, safety, and well-being of employees and protect them from foreseeable injury.
Principal-agent problem		Practice of contracting a part of business processes or production to an external company in a country that is relatively close (for example, within the same own region).
Conflict of interest		Varying ways an organization can create value, looking beyond traditional profit measures of revenue and expenses; includes such areas as philanthropy, volunteerism, corporate-sponsored community programs, social change, sustainability, corporate governance, employee rights, and workplace safety.
Risk control		Expected monetary loss every time a risk occurs; calculated by multiplying asset value by exposure factor.
Hazard		Situation in which an agent (for example, an employee) makes decisions for a principal (for example, an employer) potentially on the basis of personal incentives that may not be aligned with the principal’s incentives.
Single loss expectancy (SLE)		Economic, social, and environmental impact metrics used to determine an organization’s success.
Annualized loss expectancy (ALE)		Method by which an organization relocates its processes or production to an international location through subsidiaries or third-party affiliates.
Risk position		A high-level characterization of the amount of uncertainty (acceptable risk) an organization is willing to pursue or to accept to attain its risk management goals.
Risk tolerance		Action taken to manage a risk.
Whistleblowing		Set of behavioral guidelines that an organization expects all of its directors, managers, and employees to follow to ensure appropriate moral and ethical business standards.
Key risk indicators (KRIs)		Globalization strategy that emphasizes consistency of approach, standardization of processes, and a common corporate culture across global operations.
Risk scorecard		Potential for harm, often associated with a condition or activity that, if left uncontrolled, can result in injury or illness.
Duty of care		Process by which an organization moves an employee out of an international assignment; can involve moving back to the home country, moving to a different global location, or moving to a new location or position in the current host country.
Risk		A characterization of the amount of uncertainty (acceptable risk) an organization is willing to pursue or to accept to attain its risk management goals, defined in a range above and below a target.
Contingency plan		Practice of purchasing and using resources wisely by balancing economic, social, and environmental concerns, with the goal of securing the interests of present and future generations.
Risk appetite		Situation in which one party engages in risky behavior knowing that it is protected against the risk because another party will incur any resulting loss.