Near-shoring		U.S. act that established the first national policy for workplace safety and health and continues to deliver standards that employers must meet to guarantee the health and safety of their employees.
NLRB v. Weingarten		Time allowed for the public to express its views and concerns regarding an action of an administrative agency.
Nonexempt employees		2010 U.S. law that requires virtually all citizens and legal residents to have minimum health coverage and requires employers with more than 50 full-time employees to provide health coverage that meets minimum benefit specifications or pay a penalty.
Occupational illness		Required for nonexempt workers under U.S. Fair Labor Standards Act at 1.5 times the regular rate of pay for hours over 40 in a workweek.
Occupational injury		Medical condition or disorder, other than one resulting from an occupational injury, caused by exposure to environmental factors associated with employment.
Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Act		Employees covered under U.S. Fair Labor Standards Act regulations, including minimum wage and overtime pay requirements.
Older Workers Benefit Protection Act (OWBPA)		Landmark 1975 U.S. labor relations case that dealt with the right of a unionized employee to have another person present during certain investigatory interviews.
Overtime pay		1971 U.S. case that stated that an employer may not, in the absence of business necessity, refuse to hire women with preschool-aged children while hiring men with such children.
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA)		U.S. act that prohibits discrimination on the basis of pregnancy, childbirth, or related medical conditions.
Phillips v. Martin Marietta Corporation		Injury that results from a work-related accident or exposure involving a single incident in the work environment.
Portal-to-Portal Act		U.S. act that amended the Age Discrimination in Employment Act to include all employee benefits; also provided standards that an employee's waiver of the right to sue for age discrimination must meet in order to be upheld by a court.
Pregnancy Discrimination Act (PDA)		Practice of contracting a part of business processes or production to an external company in a country that is relatively close (e.g., within the same own region).
Principal-agent problem		People who are covered under a particular federal or state antidiscrimination law.
Process alignment		U.S. act that defines what is included as hours worked and is therefore compensable and a factor in calculating overtime.
Protected class		States that a fiduciary of a plan covered by the U.S. Employee Retirement Income Security Act has legal and financial obligations not to take more risks when investing employee benefit program funds than a reasonably knowledgeable, prudent investor would under similar circumstances.
Prudent person rule		Situation in which an agent (e.g., an employee) makes decisions for a principal (e.g., an employer) potentially on the basis of personal incentives that may not be aligned with the principal's incentives.
Public comment period		Extent to which underlying operations such as IT, finance, or HR integrate across locations.