Griggs v. Duke Power		U.S. act that prohibits discrimination against job applicants on the basis of national origin or citizenship and establishes penalties for hiring undocumented workers.
Hostile environment harassment		U.S. act that imposed several restrictions and requirements on unions.
Identity alignment		Refers to the country (including those that no longer exist) of one's birth or of one's ancestors' birth.
Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA)		Organizations that own or control production or service facilities in one or more countries other than the home country.
Independent contractors		Extent to which diversity is embraced in management of people, products/services, and branding.
Key risk indicators (KRIs)		U.S. act that imposed regulations on internal union affairs and the relationship between union officials and union members.
Labor Management Reporting and Disclosure Act (LMRDA)		U.S. case that set the standard for determining whether discrimination based on disparate impact exists.
Labor-Management Relations Act (LMRA)		Self-employed individuals hired on a contract basis for specialized services.
Lechmere, Inc. v. NLRB		U.S. act that protected and encouraged the growth of the union movement; established workers' rights to organize and bargain collectively with employers.
Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company		1992 case in which the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that an employer cannot be compelled to allow nonemployee organizers onto the business property.
Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act		Metrics that provide an early signal of increasing risk exposures for an enterprise.
Local responsiveness (LR)		2007 case in which the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that claims of sex discrimination in pay under Title VII were not timely because discrimination charges were not filed with the EEOC within the required 180-day time frame.
Moral hazard		U.S. act that expanded FMLA leave for employees with family members who are covered members of the military.
Multinational enterprises (MNEs)		Occurs when sexual or other discriminatory conduct is so severe and pervasive that it interferes with an individual's performance; creates an intimidating, threatening, or humiliating work environment; or perpetuates a situation that affects the employee's psychological well-being.
National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA)		U.S. act that creates a rolling time frame for filing wage discrimination claims and expands plaintiff field beyond employee who was discriminated against.
National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius		Situation in which one party engages in risky behavior knowing that it is protected against the risk because another party will incur any resulting loss.
National Labor Relations Act (NLRA)		Globalization strategy that emphasizes adapting to the needs of local markets and allows subsidiaries to develop unique products, structures, and systems.
National origin		U.S. Supreme Court ruling that Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act requirement that individuals purchase health insurance was constitutional but requirement that states expand Medicaid was not.