| Drive | | Internal desire motivates behavior; performing a behavior simply because it gives a sense of fulfillment e.g. learning because we want and/or like to learn |
| Need | | Physiological arousal [awareness and/or attentiveness to] affects motivation and performance; Y-D Law = moderate arousal leads to most optimal performance, whereas too much or too little arousal distracts and detracts from performance ability |
| Homeostasis | | Stimulus causes a cognitive interpretation (thinking) which in turn directly and simultaneously causes both a bodily response and a feeling |
| Incentives | | Psychological state motivating toward satisfying a need; an excitatory state produced by an imbalance in homeostasis |
| Drive-Reduction Theory | | External objects [environmental stimuli] that motivate behavior |
| Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs | | Stimulus reflexively causes a bodily response which in turn directly causes a feeling |
| Arousal Theory [Yerkes-Dodson Law] | | Anything necessary to survive; can be biological or psychological (e.g. food, shelter, sociality) |
| Extrinsic Motivation | | Body and/or mind’s state of normal comfort and balance |
| Intrinsic Motivation | | Emotion = a response and state of feeling that results in physical or psychological changes often caused by specific stimuli, events, or memory recall Mood = less specific, less intense emotional state described generally as being just either positive or negative |
| Emotion vs. Mood | | Structure of the priority that needs possess from most basic and important (bottom of pyramid) to less “necessary” for survival (top of pyramid) |
| 3 components of Emotion (Response) | | Stimulus simultaneously causes both a bodily response and cognitive interpretation which together causes a feeling |
| James-Lange Theory | | External/outside reward and/or punishment serves as incentive e.g. studying for a grade |
| Cannon-Bard Theory | | Arousal/Reflex: physiological response (e.g. cardiovascular, respiratory); Change in behavior or thought patterns (e.g. facial expression); Feeling: subjective experience and personal evaluation (conscious) |
| Schacter-Singer 2-Factor Theory | | We are motivated to return to homeostasis though incentives to meet our needs |
