Viscosity | | rapidly moving volcanic material |
pluton | | forms when material ejected high into the air falls back to earth and piles up around the vent. |
batholith | | larger depressions. |
stock | | intrusive igneous rock bodies. |
laccolith | | rock fragments thrown into the air during a volcanic eruption. |
sill | | is a mountain with broad gently sloping sides and a nearly circular base. |
dike | | irregularly shaped masses of coarse-grained igneous rocks cover at least 100 km and take millions of years to form. |
vent | | at the top of a volcano, around the vent, is a bowl shaped depression |
crater | | a mushroom-shaped pluton with a round top and flat bottom |
caldera | | is a pluton that cuts across preexisting rocks |
shield volcano | | the internal resistance of flow |
cinder-cone volcano | | forms when layers of volcanic fragments alternate with lava. |
composite volcano | | an opening in the crust where lava erupts. |
tephra | | is a pluton that forms when magma intrudes parallel to layers of rock |
pyroclastic flow | | hot regions of earths mantle where high temps plumes of mantle material rise toward the surface. |
hot spot | | irregularly shaped plutons that are similar to batholiths but are smaller in size |