Schneck vs. United States		Decision holding that state officials violated the 1st Amendment when they wrote a prayer to be recited by New York schoolchildren.
Roe vs. Wade		Overturned Plessy vs. Ferguson decision of “separate but equal”; declared that segregation was unconstitutional and violated the 14th Amendment guarantee of equal protection under the law.
Roth vs. United States		Decision that upheld as constitutional the internment of more than 100,000 Japanese Americans in encampments during WWII.
New York Times vs. United States		Avoided defining obscenity by holding that community standards be used to determine whether materials is obscene in terms of appealing to a “prurient interest.”
Miller vs. California		Decision upholding the conviction of a socialist who had urged young men to resist the draft during WWI. Justice Holmes declared that government can limit speech if the speech provokes a “clear and present danger” of substantive evils.
Korematsu vs. United States		Established the guidelines for determining whether public officials and public figures could win damage suits for libel; to do so, the Court said, such individuals must prove that the statements made about them were made with “actual malice” and reckless disregard for the truth.
Miranda vs. Arizona		Decision upholding that a state ban on all abortions was unconstitutional; decision forbade state control over abortions during the first trimester of pregnancy, permitted states to limit abortions to protect the mother’s health in the second trimester, and permitted states to protect the fetus during the third trimester.
McCulloch vs. Maryland		Decision ruled that the 4th Amendment’s protection against unreasonable search and seizures must be extended to the states as well as the federal government.
Lemon vs. Kurtzman		Defined the constitutional rights of students in United States public schools.
Marbury vs. Madison		Decision holding that freedoms of press and speech are “fundamental personal rights and liberties protected by the due process clause of the 14th Amendment from impairment by the states” as well as the federal government.
Brown vs. Board of Education		Set guidelines for police questioning of accused persons to protect them against self-incrimination and to protect their right to counsel.
Gitlow vs, New York		Established the supremacy of the national government over the state government; Congress has certain implied powers in addition to its Constitutional enumerated powers.
Engle vs. Vitale		Decision held that religious duty was not a suitable defense to a criminal indictment.
Near vs. Minnesota		Decision ruling that “obscenity is not within the area of constitutionally protected speech or press.”
Texas vs. Johnson		Established judicial review.
Sanford vs. Scott		Court struck down a law banning the burning of the American flag on the grounds that such action was symbolic speech protected by the 1st Amendment.
Gideon vs. Wainwright		Decision that established that aid to church-related schools must 1. Have secular legislative purposes, 2. Have a primary effect that neither advances nor inhibits religion, 3. Not foster excessive government entanglement with religion.
Tinker vs. Des Moines		Decision upholding that anyone accused of a felony where imprisonment may be imposed, however poor he or she might be, has a right to a lawyer.
Mapp vs. Ohio		Decision ruled that the First Amendment did not protect the right of the New York Times to print governmental materials (Pentagon Papers).
New York Times vs. Sullivan		Decision holding that the 1st Amendment protects newspapers from prior restraint.
NAACP v. Alabama		Decision ruling that a slave who had escaped to a free state enjoyed no rights as a citizen and that Congress had no authority to ban slavery in the territories.
Reynolds vs. United States		Protected the right to assemble peaceably.