1 | epicenter | | _____ | a substance that forms in nature, it is a solid, has a definite chemical makeup, and has a crystal structure |
2 | focus | | _____ | a layer of molten iron and nickel that surrounds the inner core of the Earth |
3 | seismic waves | | _____ | forces that cause rocks on either side of faults to push in opposite directions |
4 | seismograph | | _____ | the difference between changing levels of land |
5 | seismogram | | _____ | energy spreading out in all directions as vibrations |
6 | triangulation | | _____ | circular movement caused by the differences in temperatures |
7 | crust | | _____ | opening in the Earth's surface |
8 | lithosphere | | _____ | vibration record of seismic activity |
9 | basalt | | _____ | a dark, dense, igneous rock with a fine texture found in oceanic crust |
10 | granite | | _____ | forces that pull rocks apart |
11 | mantle | | _____ | mountain that forms around the vent from the cooled lava, ash, cinders, and rock |
12 | asthenosphere | | _____ | a long narrow raised land formation with sloping sides |
13 | outer core | | _____ | caused by compression forces |
14 | inner core | | _____ | rocks formed when liquid magma cools |
15 | aerial photography | | _____ | igneous rocks that form inside the Earth |
16 | satellite imagery | | _____ | rocks formed deep with the Earth when heat and pressure are applied to igneous or sedimentary rocks |
17 | topographic map | | _____ | a dense sphere of solid iron and nickel in the center of the Earth |
18 | elevation | | _____ | where two plates are moving apart |
19 | relief | | _____ | mountain formed when a normal fault uplifts a block of rock |
20 | slope | | _____ | the point in the crust, or mantle, where energy is released |
21 | contour lines | | _____ | where one plate slides under another less dense plate |
22 | contour intervals | | _____ | the layer of hot, solid material between Earth's crust and core |
23 | tension | | _____ | rock pieces, mineral grains, or shell fragments |
24 | compression | | _____ | method used to identify the epicenter of an earthquake |
25 | shearing | | _____ | rocks formed when sediments such as sand, silt and clay are under pressure from the layers above them |
26 | fault | | _____ | a usually light-colored rock that is found in continental crust |
27 | normal fault | | _____ | the difference in elevation represented by the space between adjacent contour lines |
28 | reverse fault | | _____ | a landscape, or surface, that is tilted or inclined |
29 | strike-slip fault | | _____ | caused by tension forces |
30 | folded mountain | | _____ | an area in the Pacific Ocean where volcanoes are common |
31 | fault-block mountain | | _____ | photographs taken from an elevated position |
32 | magma | | _____ | a rock that contains enough of a valuable mineral to be mined for a profit |
33 | vent | | _____ | fuels formed from the remains of prehistoric organisms that are burned for energy |
34 | lava | | _____ | places in Earth where forces or stresses cause rocks to break |
35 | volcano | | _____ | instrument used to measure seismic waves |
36 | Ring of Fire | | _____ | photographs of Earth made by satellites |
37 | lithospheric plates | | _____ | large sections of the Earth's crust that move |
38 | convection currents | | _____ | the layer of the earth that forms the Earth's outer surface |
39 | divergent boundary | | _____ | lines drawn on a map connecting points of equal elevation |
40 | convergent boundary | | _____ | the "supercontinent" from millions of years ago when all the large landmasses were joined together |
41 | transform boundary | | _____ | a deep, narrow depression on the Earth |
42 | subduction zone | | _____ | molten rock in the Earth's crust |
43 | plate tectonics | | _____ | forces that push or squeeze rocks together |
44 | Pangaea | | _____ | where two plates come together and collide |
45 | ridge | | _____ | the branch of geology that studies the folding and faulting of the Earth's crust |
46 | trench | | _____ | caused by shearing forces |
47 | rock | | _____ | the soft layer of the mantle on which the lithosphere floats |
48 | igneous | | _____ | a geographic location's height above sea level |
49 | intrusive | | _____ | a map that uses contour lines at different elevations to show valleys, hills and other topography of the area and the locations of roads, landmarks and other features |
50 | extrusive | | _____ | magma that reaches the Earth's surface |
51 | metamorphic | | _____ | point on Earth's surface directly above where the energy is released in an earthquake |
52 | sedimentary | | _____ | igneous rocks that form on the surface of the Earth |
53 | sediments | | _____ | rigid layer of Earth about 100 km thick made of the crust and a part of the upper mantel |
54 | rock cycle | | _____ | where two plates slide past each other |
55 | minerals | | _____ | solid inorganic material that is usually made of 2 or more minerals |
56 | ores | | _____ | mountain created from forces or stresses where the bending and stretching is applied slowly |
57 | fossils fuels | | _____ | the natural, repeating processes that change, break down, and re-form rocks |