Across 7. One who experienced a devastating event, like the Holocaust, and lived. 8. The deliberate, systematic annihilation of a racial, religious, cultural, or political group of people. People are persecuted and murdered because of membership in the targeted victim group. In addition to the Holocaust, annihilation of targeted groups has also occurred in places like Cambodia (Asia), Bosnia (Eastern Europe), Rwanda (Africa), and Darfur (in Sudan, Africa). 9. The freeing of prisoners in Nazi camps by Allied and Soviet troops as they moved across Europe fighting against Nazi Germany 12. A six-pointed star, symbol of the Jewish religion. Jews were required to wear this on their clothing for identification and to make them easy targets. (3 Words) 16. A nice way of saying something terrible or something you wish to hide. The Nazis used these to hide their true intentions from victims and bystanders. 18. German name for the SS mobile killing squads that followed the German army into Russia and eastern Poland. They rounded up Jews and other “inferior people” in the conquered territories, forced their victims to dig their own graves, into which they were shot. At least one million Jews were killed by them. 19. Someone who is not of the Jewish faith, most often referring to a Christian. 22. False or partly-false information used by a government or political party to sway the opinions of the population. Books, films, newspapers, and the radio were used to further notions of racial superiority and the persecution of Jews. 23. The official name of the Nazi Regime, lasting from 1933 to 1945. Historically, the First Reich was the medieval Holy Roman Empire, which lasted until 1806. The Second Reich included the German Empire, from 1871 to 1918. (2 Words) 27. An ancient Eastern symbol adopted by the Nazis as their emblem. 29. Racial laws put into effect by the German parliament in Nuremberg on September 15, 1935. These laws became the basis for racist anti-Jewish policies and the legal exclusion of Jews from German life. (2 Words) 30. The euphemism, used by the Nazis, for the murder of all European Jews. (2 Words) 32. A person or group of people unfairly blamed for natural disasters or wrong actions done by others. The Nazis unfairly blamed the Jews for all of the economic, political, and cultural problems in Germany in the 1920s and 1930s. 33. Russian word for “devastation.” Organized violence, riots, and lynchings aimed against Jews, often initiated and supported by religious and political authorities. 34. A certain perception of Jews which may be expressed as prejudice towards, hatred of, or discrimination against, Jews. 36. One who saves the life of a persecuted person or group, usually at the risk of their own life. 37. One who is intended for persecution or death; also known as a “target.” 38. Camps set up after World War II as temporary living quarters for the thousands of homeless people created by the Holocaust. Because in almost all cases their homes had been looted, stolen and/or destroyed, Holocaust survivors no longer had homes to which to return. They lived in here and then emigrated to new lives in the United States, Canada, Israel, Europe, South America, or Australia. (3 Words) 40. The abbreviation for Hitler’s political party, the National Socialist German Workers’ Party, a right-wing, nationalistic, and antisemitic political party formed in 1919 and headed by Adolf Hitler from 1921 to 1945. 41. In the context of war, one who cooperates with the enemy who is occupying their country and/or persecuting their people. 43. The Nazi Secret State Police, Geheime Staatspolizei, became infamous for its brutality. These policemen used torture and violence in interrogations, coordinated the deportation of Jews to their deaths, and harshly repressed resistance movements in Germany and in German-occupied Europe. 45. One who opposes those in power for the preservation of one’s own human dignity or the dignity of persecuted others. 46. Act of causing others to suffer because of difference in ethnic or cultural background, lifestyle, religion, or political beliefs. 47. An oversimplified generalization about a person or group of people without regard for individual differences.

Down 1. A government or doctrine in which one political party or political group maintains complete control of a population even to the intimate, private details of an individual’s life such as one’s friendships. 2. These were camps established to exploit the slave labor of prisoners to benefit the Third Reich. Prisoners were often worked to death in inhuman conditions. (2 Words) 3. The destruction of the Jewish people of Europe by the Nazis during the period from 1933 to 1945. 4. German for “my conquest.” The title of Adolf Hitler’s book, written in prison and published in 1925, that not only illustrated his bottomless antisemitism, but also served as blueprint for the Holocaust. Ownership of this book was mandatory in the Third Reich and the sale of the book made Hitler a millionaire. (2 Words) 5. Legal permission distributed by a government enabling an individual to enter that country. Persecuted Jews had to possess not only a German passport, but also a Visa from another country permitting them entry in order to leave Germany. 6. One who flees their country in search of safety in times of war, political oppression, or religious persecution. 10. Abbreviation for the German Schutzstaffel, Hitler’s elite guard, headed by Heinrich Himmler. There were many divisions, and one of the most powerful was the Gestapo. The Einsatzgruppen were also members, as well as the Death’s Head Regiment whose members became commandants of concentration and death camps. They were known as the “Blackshirts,” due to the black uniforms they wore. 11. One who is present at an event or who knows about its occurrence and chooses to ignore it. That is, they neither participate in, nor respond to it. 13. These were concentration camps created for the sole purpose of killing people: Sobibor, Belzec, Treblinka, Chelmno, Auschwitz and Majdanek. (2 Words) 14. Nazi system for imprisoning those consider “enemies of the state.” Many different groups and individuals were imprisoned: religious opponents, political opponents, resisters, homosexuals, Jehovah’s Witnesses, Roma and Sinti (Gypsies), Poles, and Jews. (2 Words) 15. A Nazi euphemism for eliminating a ghetto and its inhabitants by conducting massive deportations to concentration and death camps, or by the mass murder of Jews on the outskirts of towns. 17. A forced march of Nazi prisoners from the camps at the end of World War II when the German armed forces were trapped between the Soviets to the east and the advancing Allied troops from the west. Thousands of prisoners died by starvation, exhaustion, or were shot to death. (2 Words) 20. The nations fighting the allies: Germany, Italy, and Japan. 21. Furnaces constructed to burn human remains in the killing centers and concentration camps. 24. An action that stems from prejudicial thinking that denies justice and fair treatment in employment, education, housing, or legal and civil rights. 25. Intended to change the manner in which a person or group of people are perceived. Dehumanization reduces the target group to objects therefore no longer human and worthy of human rights or dignity. This was done by identifying people by numbers in place of their names, or as animals like “pigs,” or insects like “cockroaches.” 26. The act of being forced to leave where one is living. The Nazis coerced, tricked, and forced prisoners to leave their homes or ghettos, and board cattle cars destined for concentration camps and/or death camps. Prisoners in the overcrowded, unsanitary, cattle cars were given no food or water during the 2–4 day ride to the camps and many died. 28. Belief in the superiority of one race over another. Jews were seen as a subhuman race and were to be killed in a racial war to “purify” Germany and the rest of the world. 31. Abbreviation for Sturmabteilung, the German for “storm troopers,” a special armed and uniformed branch of the Nazi party. They were also called “Brownshirts” because of the color of their uniforms and were integral to the rise of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party, violently enforcing party norms and attempting to influence elections. 33. One who does something that is morally wrong or criminal. 34. The largest Nazi concentration camp located in Poland. It was established in 1940 and became a huge camp complex that included a killing center and slave labor camps. 35. German for “night of broken glass.” On November 9 and 10, 1938, nation-wide pogroms (anti-Jewish riots) occurred throughout Germany. This was the first organized, nation– wide, government-sanctioned vandalizing of property belonging to Jews by the Nazis. SA troops smashed store windows, burned synagogues, and beat up Jews in the streets, killing nearly 100 people. 30,000 Jewish men were arrested and imprisoned in Dachau concentration camp, near Munich. Several thousand Jewish women were arrested and sent to local jails. This was followed by a punitive fine to be paid by the Jewish community for the damages done to their own businesses. 39. The nations fighting the Nazis during WWII: Great Britain, Soviet Union, and United States. 42. A “superior race” according to the Nazis. They were described as white, tall, athletic, with blond hair and blue eyes. 43. The term used to describe “Jewish quarters” in the poorest sections of the cities and towns they had conquered. They were closed off by walls or fences made of wood and barbed wire. Entire families were imprisoned, including young children and the elderly. They were extremely crowded and unsanitary, lacking food, clothing, medicine, and other supplies. Severe winter weather and the absence of adequate municipal services led to repeated outbreaks of epidemics and to very high death rates. 44. German word for “leader.” In Nazi Germany, Adolf Hitler was the supreme leader and was called this.