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Across 6. the protein coat surrounding the genetic material of a virus particle. 7. a type of cell that has genetic material but not a nucleus; archaea and bacteria 8. single-celled, prokaryotic microorganisms that can be found in various environments and play diverse roles in ecosystems, including decomposition and nitrogen fixation. 10. refers to a larger, more widespread occurrence of a disease in a population or region that exceeds the normal expected number of cases; affects a wider range than an outbreak, but it's not necessarily nationwide. 14. chemical substance used to kill or inhibit the growth of harmful microorganisms on non-living surfaces 15. the study of the immune system and how it defends the body against infections. 16. refers to the sudden appearance or increase in cases of a disease within a specific area or population over a short period; often used to describe localized or contained instances of disease. 17. commonly used to disinfect skin and prevent infections. 18. cells in your blood that help fight infections by attacking bacteria, viruses, and other harmful organisms. (plural) (3 Words) 22. an independent living thing, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, that is too small to be seen without a microscope. 26. proteins made by white blood cells that attach to harmful organisms like viruses, marking them for destruction. (plural) 27. the way diseases spread from one organism to another. 28. any living thing that can carry out life processes independently. 29. this method of reproduction is common in prokaryotic cells such as bacteria. (2 Words) 31. an organism that lives on or in another organism (the host), often causing harm. 32. a worldwide outbreak of a disease that affects a large number of people across multiple countries or continents.

Down 1. a type of cell that has a nucleus; found in plants, animals, fungi, and protists. 2. a small, circular piece of DNA that is separate from the chromosome and can replicate independently in bacterial cells. These often carry accessory genes such as antibiotic resistance genes. 3. measures taken to ensure cleanliness and hygiene in the environment, including waste disposal, water treatment, and environmental cleaning. 4. a non-living infectious agent consisting of genetic material surrounded by a capsid. 5. molecules that store genetic information in living organisms. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) contains instructions for growth and function, while RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) helps in making proteins. (2 Words) 9. a type of medication used to treat bacterial infections by inhibiting the growth of or killing bacteria. 11. occurs when bacteria change and survive despite the use of antibiotics, making them harder to kill. (2 Words) 12. the body's defense system that fights infections and keeps you healthy. (2 Words) 13. eukaryotic organisms including yeasts, molds, and mushrooms. They obtain nutrients through absorption and play roles in decomposition, food production, and medicine. 19. a protective layer surrounding the genetic material of a virus. It helps the virus attach to host cells. (2 Words) 20. contain weakened or killed pathogens or their antigens to induce an immune response. 21. practices that promote cleanliness and prevent the spread of disease, including handwashing, sanitation, and personal cleanliness habits. 23. medication used to treat fungal infections by targeting fungal cell structures or metabolic pathways. 24. an organism that provides a place for another organism, like a parasite or virus, to live and grow. 25. medication used to treat viral infections by targeting specific steps in the viral replication cycle. 30. the "building blocks of life;" basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms.