Across 2. U.S. Treasury decree requiring that all public lands be purchased with “hard” or metallic, currency, 6. Forced march of 15,000 Cherokee Indians from their Georgia and Alabama homes to Indian Territory. Some 4,000 died on the arduous journey. 7. Alleged deal between presidential candidates John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay 12. Allow Missouri to enter as a slave state but preserved the balance between North and South by carving free-soil Maine out of Massachusetts. 14. Thomas Jefferson purchased 828,000 square miles of land for 15 million from Napoleon 16. Meeting of Federalist from five New England states who opposed the War of 1812 & resented the strength of Southern and Western interest in Congress 17. Spain ceded Florida to the United States, which, in exchange, abounded its claims to Texas. 20. This case cleared up controversy over who had the final say in interpreting the Constitution. 22. Law passed by Congress forbidding all exportation of goods from the U.S. against Britain & France which ended up hurting our economy. It was repealed in 1809 & caused New England’s industry to grow. 25. Running mate with Thomas Jefferson, killed Hamilton in a famous duel 28. Resulted in the defeat of Shawnee chief Tenskwatawa, “the Prophet,” at the hands of William Henry Harrison. 30. Supreme Court case that protected corporations from domination by state governments 33. Showdown between president Andrew Jackson & the South Carolina legislature, which declared the 1832 Tariff null and void. 36. Shoshone guide who led Meriwether Lewis and William Clark on their exploration of American Land to the West coast. 37. President who bought the Louisiana Territory, Lewis & Clark were sent to explore, the Embargo Act was passed & sent ships to fight against the Barbary Pirates 39. Four year conflict between the U.S. navy and the North African nation of Tripoli over piracy in the Mediteranean 40. Policy of rewarding political supporters with public office, first widely employed at the federal level by Andrew Jackson 41. To accuse a public official of misconduct in office 42. Widely used term for the institution of American slavery in the South 44. Suit over whether New York State could grant a monopoly to a ferry operation on interstate waters. The ruling reasserted that Congress had the sole power to regulate interstate commerce. 45. Popular term for pro-Jackson state banks that received the bulk of federal deposited when Jackson moved to dismantle the Bank of the United States in 1833 46. Ended the War of 1812 47. Principal author of the Constitution, fourth president of the U.S. and advocate of a strong national government.

Down 1. Shawnee warrior who sought to establish a confederacy of Indian tribes east of Mississippi. 3. Passed as a measure to resolve the nullification crisis. 4. War incited by a slave uprising it led to the creation of the first independent black republic in the Americas 5. Removal of Indian Tribes still living east of the Mississippi to newly established Indian Territory west of Arkansas and Missouri 8. Established protection for private property & asserted the right of the Supreme Court to invalidate state laws in conflict with the federal Constitution 9. Reopened trade with all nations except England and France 10. Noteworthy for its unprecedented high duties on imports that especially hurt Southern farmers. 11. Aimed at resuming peaceful trade with Britain & France, whichever repealed its trade restrictions firsts will trade the the U.S./ 12. A warning against European powers to refrain from seeking new territories in the Americas 13. A US frigate was boarded by a British ship, the Leopard and seized four alleged deserters. 15. Case that reinforced federal supremacy by establishing the right of the Supreme Court to review decision of state supreme courts in questions involving the power of the federal government 18. Appointed by John Adams in 1801 as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. 19. Prohibited the importation of slaves into Missouri territory, vehemently opposed by Southerners. 21. Battle between Andrew Jackson & Congressional supporters of the Bank of the United States. 23. Supreme Court case that strengthened federal authority & upheld the constitutionality of the Bank of the United States by establishing that the State of Maryland did not have power to tax the bank 24. Popular name for the period of one-party, Republican, rule during James Monroe’s presidency. 26. American victory against the British that restored American confidence & sense of nationalism. Final battle of the War of 1812 27. Signed by Britain & the U.S., it established strict limits on naval armaments in the Great Lakes. 29. Doctrine which holds that the federal government can use powers not specifically granted or prohibited in the Constitution 31. Passed by Congress alongside the Compromise Tariff, it authorized the president to use the military to collect federal tariff duties 32. Democratic-Republican congressmen who pressed James Madison to declare war on Britain. Largely from the South and West. 34. Nick name given to those appointed by John Adams the night before he left office to preserve federalist influence. 35. Henry Clay’s three-pronged system to promote American industry with a strong banking system, a protective tariff and a federally funded transportation network 38. Forcible enlistment of soldiers, a major cause of the War of 1812 43. Fortress in Texas where four hundred Americans were slain by Santa Anna in 1836