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Across 1. the extension downwind of the urban climate dome 5. this extends from the urban canopy to the top of the dome up to 300 metres above street level 9. the reflectivity of a surface. The ratio between the amount of incoming insolation and the amount of energy reflected back out into the atmosphere 10. urban areas experience a 1,000% increase in this element of the climate

Down 2. the level below roof level where processes act in the spaces between the buildings 3. this term applies to the ability of different surface materials to absorb and retain heat 4. term given to the zone of warmer air which is found over an urban area and can extend downwind in a plume 5. the effect produced where the urban area has higher temperatures than the surrounding rural areas 6. this element of the climate is increased by 10%- 20% in urban areas despite the fact that annual mean windspeed decreases in urban areas 7. the small-scale variations in temperature, precipitation, humidity, wind speed and evaporation that occur in a particular environment 8. this land use has the lowest day temperatures in an urban area but actually is higher at night due to its ability to retain and store the heat of the day and cools down more slowly than the land