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Across 6. Gram-negative bacillus, use methane as source of carbon and energy 8. Gram-negative bacillus; appears rounder and thicker than other members of Enterobacteriaceae, facultative anaerobe, encapsulated, nonmotile; pathogenic species may cause pneumonia, especially in people with alcoholism 10. Gram-negative, spiral-shaped rod, aerobic (microaerophilic) bacterium; can damage the inner lining of the stomach, causing chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, and stomach cancer 12. Gram-negative bacillus, motile by gliding; live in soil or water; decompose cellulose; may cause disease in fish 13. Gram-negative bacillus, used in studies on cellular adaptation and differentiation because of its peculiar life cycle (during cell division, forms “swarm” cells and “stalked” cells) 14. Gram-negative bacteria; disc-shaped or cylindrical, aquatic, live in water with high content of hydrogen disulfide; can cause problems for sewage treatment 16. Gram-negative bacillus, facultative anaerobe; inhabit the gastrointestinal tract of warmblooded animals; some strains are mutualists, producing vitamin K; others, like serotype E. coli O157:H7, are pathogens; E. coli has been a model organism for many studies in genetics and molecular biology 19. Gram-negative bacillus with pointed ends, anaerobic; form; biofilms; some species cause disease in humans (periodontitis, ulcers) 22. Very small, gram-negative,coccoid or ovoid bacteria, obligatory intracellular bacteria; can be transported from cell to cell; transmitted by ticks; cause ehrlichiosis (destruction of white blood cells and inflammation) in humans and dogs 23. Gram-negative bacillus, aerobic, aquatic, cause diseases in horses and humans (especially patients with cystic fibrosis); agents of nosocomial infections 25. A small, gram-negative coccobacillus, aerobic, very fastidious; B. pertussis causes pertussis (whooping cough) 26. Gram-negative bacillus, plant pathogen causing leaf spots and discoloration; may digest cellulose; prefer relatively low temperatures (25–30 °C) 27. Gram-negative, coccoid bacteria forming colonies (swarms), live in soil; can move by gliding; used as a model organism for studies of intercellular communication (signaling) 31. Gram-negative, small, flagellated coccobacillus, facultative intracellular bacteria, transmitted by contaminated milk from infected cows, cause brucellosis in cattle and humans 34. Gram-negative bacillus, oxidase positive; nonmotile; contain high amounts of sphingophospholipids; rarely cause disease in humans 39. Spiral-shaped bacterium (spirochetes); gram negative-like (better viewed by darkfield microscopy); very thin, Aerobic, abundant in shallow water reservoirs; infect rodents and domestic animals; can be transmitted to humans by infected animals’ urine; may cause severe disease 40. Gram-negative, comma-shaped rod, obligate aerobes; motile; parasitic (infecting other bacteria) 41. Small, gram-negative bacillus, obligatory intracellular bacteria; cause Q fever; potential for use as biological weapon 42. Anoxygenic, purple sulfur bacteria 44. Gram-negative, pleomorphic, flagellated coccobacillus, facultative intracellular bacteria, transmitted by lice and fleas, cause trench fever and cat scratch disease in humans 45. Gram-negative bacillus, aerobic; versatile; produce yellow and blue pigments, making them appear green in culture; opportunistic, antibiotic-resistant pathogens may cause wound infections, hospital-acquired infections, and secondary infections in patients with cystic fibrosis 46. Gram-negative, spiral-shaped rod, aerobic (microaerophilic); often infects chickens; may infect humans via undercooked meat, causing severe enteritis 47. Gram-negative-like spirochete; very thin; better viewed by darkfield microscopy, motile; do not grow in culture; T. pallidum (subspecies T. pallidum pallidum) causes syphilis

Down 1. Gram-negative, coccoid or short bacilli, nitrogen-fixing aerobic bacteria 2. Anoxygenic, green sulfur bacteria 3. Gram-negative bacillus, carried by rodents; human pathogens; Y. pestis causes bubonic plague and pneumonic plague; Y. enterocolitica can be a pathogen causing diarrhea in humans 4. Gram-negative bacillus, facultative anaerobe; cause urinary and respiratory tract infections in hospitalized patients; implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity 5. Gram-negative bacillus, fastidious, grow on charcoal-buffered yeast extract; L. pneumophila causes Legionnaires disease 7. Gram-negative bacillus, Obligate anaerobic bacteria; abundant in the human gastrointestinal tract; usually mutualistic, although some species are opportunistic pathogens 9. Spirochete; transmitted by ticks, causes Lyme disease and relapsing fever 11. Gram-negative bacillus, nonmotile; dangerously pathogenic; produce Shiga toxin, which can destroy cells of the gastrointestinal tract; can cause dysentery 15. Gram-negative bacillus, pleomorphic, may appear as coccobacillus, aerobe, or facultative anaerobe; grow on blood agar; pathogenic species can cause respiratory infections, chancroid, and other diseases 17. Gram-negative bacillus, motile; may produce red pigment; opportunistic pathogens responsible for a large number of hospital-acquired infections 18. Oxygenic, Blue-green bacteria, e.g. Microcystis aeruginosa 20. Gram-negative bacillus (pleomorphic), common inhabitants of the human gastrointestinal tract; motile; produce urease; opportunistic pathogens; may cause urinary tract infections and sepsis 21. Anoxygenic, purple non-sulfur bacteria 24. Gram-negative, highly pleomorphic bacteria (may be cocci, rods, or threads), obligate intracellular bacteria; transmitted by ticks or lice; may cause Rocky Mountain spotted fever and typhus 28. Gram-negative, comma-shaped rod, reduce sulfur; can be used for removal of toxic and radioactive waste 29. Gram-negative, coffee bean-shaped coccus forming pairs, microaerophilic, require moisture and high concentration of carbon dioxide; oxidase positive, grow on chocolate agar; pathogenic species cause gonorrhea and meningitis 30. Gram-negative bacilli;grows from a stalk, Similar to Caulobacter 32. Gram-negative bacillus, plant pathogen; one species, A. tumefaciens, causes tumors in plants 33. Anoxygenic, green non-sulfur bacteria 35. Gram-negative bacillus, thermophilic, acidophilic, strictly aerobic bacteria; oxidize iron and sulfur 36. Anoxygenic, purple non-sulfur bacteria 37. Gram-negative, sheathed, filamentous bacillus, aquatic; oxidize iron and manganese; can live in wastewater treatment plants and clog pipes 38. Gram-negative, comma- or curved rod-shaped bacteria, inhabit seawater; flagellated, motile; may produce toxin that causes hypersecretion of water and electrolytes in the gastrointestinal tract; some species may cause serious wound infections 42. Gram-negative, coccoid or ovoid bacterium, obligatory intracellular bacteria; some cause chlamydia, trachoma, and pneumonia 43. Gram-negative,rectangular bacilli with rounded ends forming clusters, Nitrogen-fixing bacteria that live in soil and form symbiotic relationship with roots of legumes (e.g., clover, alfalfa, and beans)