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Across 3. the voluntary and wrongful act or omission that constitutes the physical components of a crime 6. The use of specific characteristics to make generalizations about a person 9. is someone who is not a party to a case who offers information that bears on the case but that has not been solicited by any of the parties to assist a court 10. The burden of proof 11. commanding an official to perform a ministerial act that the law recognizes as an utter duty and not a matter for the official's discretion 13. from a superior court calling up the record of a proceeding in an inferior court for review 14. retributive theory of criminal punishment that proposes reduced judicial discretion in sentencing and specific sentences for criminal acts without regard to the individual defendant. 15. "In and of itself." 16. a non-violent movement against oppression, social injustice and violence as found within criminology, criminal justice and society in general. 17. The basic element or fact of a crime 18. Presumption that young children or persons with diminished mental capacity cannot form the intent to commit a crime.

Down 1. Person who theorizes 2. the degree to which minority juveniles who come into contact with the law enforcement and juvenile justice systems differs from that of their numbers in the general population 4. intention to possess 5. a writ that requires a person under arrest to be brought before a judge or into court 7. doctrine that rules or principles of law on which a court rested a previous decision are authoritative in all future cases in which the facts are substantially the same 8. criminal intent 12. doctrine under which an individual assumes parental rights, duties, and obligations without going through the formalities of legal Adoption.