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Across 3. actions-murder, forcible rape, robbery, and aggravated assault-involving force of the threat of force against others. 5. emphasizes intimidation, using threat of punishment to discourage crime 7. criminals pay compensation equal to their offenses against society; moral vengeance, the punishment should fit the crime. 8. a business operation that supplies illegal goods and services for profit. 10. incapacitation- incarceration removes or restricts criminals from society so they can’t commit further crimes. 12. imposed by others 16. good conduct medal, tax breaks, discounts or fines, community service, probation, imprisonment, house arrest. 18. any behavior, belief, or condition that violates significant social norms in the society or group in which it occurs. 20. illegal activities committed by people in the course of their employment or financial affairs. 21. attempts to re-socialize criminals and return them to the community as law-abiding citizens. 23. systematic practices developed by social groups to encourage conformity to norms, rules, and laws and to discourage deviance. Similar to social sanctions 24. a type of deviance, abandons society’s goals; conforms to approved means. 25. - illegal or unethical acts involving the usurpation of power by government officials, or illegal/unethical acts perpetrated against the government by outsiders seeking to make a political statement, undermine the government or overthrow it. 26. when individuals are so well socialized that they internalize and follow norms and values voluntarily. 27. a type of deviance, Challenges approved goals and approved means. 28. the situation in which a false belief or prediction produces behavior that makes the originally false belief come true. 29. behavior that violates criminal law and is punishable with fines, jail terms and other sanctions. 30. - involving theft of or harm to property without threat of bodily harm to the victim- includes burglary, motor vehicle theft, larceny, and arson.

Down 1. - the use of personal judgment by police officers, prosecutors, judges, and other criminal justice system official regarding how to proceed in a given situation. 2. the proposition that individuals have a greater tendency to deviate from societal norms when they frequently associate with persons who are more favorable toward deviance that conformity. 4. the proposition that deviants are those people who have been successfully labeled as such by others. 6. victimless crimes- involve the willing exchange of illegal goods and services among adults. Ex. Prostitution, illegal gambling, illegal drugs, and illegal pornography 9. a type of deviance, abandons approved goals and approved means. 11. praise, inclusion or criticism, ostracism. 13. an emerging approach for dealing with criminal behavior, designed to repair the damage done to the victim and the community by an offender’s criminal act, it focuses on peacemaking, rather than punishment. 14. - any action designed to deprive a person of things of value (including liberty) because of some offense the person is thought to have committed 15. a type of deviance, accepts approved goals; rejects approved means and turns illegitimate means. 17. illegal acts committed by corporate employees on behalf of the corporation and with its support. 19. the proposition that the probability of deviant behavior increases when a person’s ties to society are weakened or broken. 22. )- the proposition that people feel strain when they are exposed to cultural goals that they are unable to obtain because they do not have access to culturally approved means of achieving those goals.